Kyiv

Kyiv
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Kyiv ( Kiev) babban birni ne kuma birni mafi yawan jama'a na Ukraine. Yana cikin tsakiyar Ukraine tare da kogin Dnieper. Tun daga 1 ga Janairu 2022, yawanta ya kai 2,952,301, ya mai da Kyiv birni na bakwai mafi yawan jama'a a Turai. Kyiv muhimmiyar cibiyar masana'antu ce, kimiyya, ilimi, da al'adu a Gabashin Turai. Gida ce ga masana'antu masu fasaha da yawa, manyan makarantun ilimi, da wuraren tarihi. Garin yana da tsarin jigilar jama'a da ababen more rayuwa, gami da Kiev Metro An ce sunan birnin ya samo asali ne daga sunan Kyi, daya daga cikin fitattun mutanen da suka kafa birnin. A cikin tarihinta, Kyiv, daya daga cikin tsofaffin birane a Gabashin Turai, ya wuce matakai da yawa na shahara da duhu. Watakila birnin ya kasance a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci tun farkon karni na 5. Matsugunin Slavic akan babbar hanyar kasuwanci tsakanin Scandinavia da Konstantinoful, Kyiv ta kasance yankin Khazars har zuwa lokacin da Varangians (Vikings) suka kama shi a tsakiyar karni na 9. A karkashin mulkin Varangian, birnin ya zama babban birnin Kievan Rus', jihar Slavic ta Gabas ta farko. An lalatar da shi gaba daya a lokacin mamayar Mongol a cikin 1240, birnin ya rasa yawancin tasirinsa tsawon karni masu zuwa. Ya zo karkashin Lithuania, sannan Poland sannan kuma Rasha, birnin zai girma daga kasuwa mai iyaka zuwa wata muhimmiyar cibiyar koyon Orthodox a karni na sha shida, sannan daga baya na masana'antu, kasuwanci, da gudanarwa ta goma sha tara. Birnin ya sake samun ci gaba a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu na Daular Rasha a karshen karni na 19. A shekara ta 1918, lokacin da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukrain ta ayyana 'yancin kai daga Jamhuriyar Rasha bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba a can, Kyiv ya zama babban birninta. Daga karshen yakin Ukrainian-Soviet da Polish-Soviet a 1921, Kyiv birni ne na Ukrainian SSR, kuma ya zama babban birnin kasar a shekara ta 1934. Birnin ya sha wahala sosai a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu amma cikin sauri ya murmure a cikin shekarun baya bayan yakin, ya rage. birni na uku mafi girma na Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet da 'yancin kai na Ukraine a 1991, Kyiv ya ci gaba da zama babban birnin Ukraine kuma ya sami ci gaba da kwararar 'yan gudun hijirar 'yan kabilar Ukrain daga wasu yankuna na kasar.[13] A lokacin da kasar ke rikidewa zuwa tattalin arzikin kasuwa da dimokradiyyar zabe, Kyiv ya ci gaba da kasancewa birni mafi girma da arziki a Ukraine. Abubuwan da masana'antu suka dogara da makamai sun fadi bayan rushewar Soviet, wanda hakan ya yi illa ga kimiyya da fasaha, amma sabbin sassa na tattalin arziki kamar ayyuka da kudi sun taimaka wa Kyiv girma a cikin albashi da zuba jari, da kuma samar da ci gaba da kudade don bunkasa gidaje da birane. kayayyakin more rayuwa. Kyiv ya fito a matsayin yanki mafi goyon bayan yammacin Ukraine; jam'iyyun da ke ba da ra'ayin karfafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Tarayyar Turai sun mamaye lokacin zabe.